生物学英文名词词根词缀整理

厦大普通生物学教材用外文书Biology：life on earth，复习考试顺便整理了一下

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a–, an–: without, lack of (前缀); abiotic非生物的

acro–: top, highest (前缀); acrosome顶体, 精子顶端一种特化的溶酶体

ad–: to (前缀); adhesion黏附

allo–: other (前缀); Allosteric Regulation 变构调节

amphi–: both, double, two (前缀);amphioxus 文昌鱼 两侧对称之意 amphibian,两栖动物 幼体在水里成体在陆上

andro: man, male (词根); androgen 雄性激素

ant–, anti–: against (前缀); antibiotic 抗生素

antero–: front (前缀/词根); anterior 前端的

aqu–, aqua–: water (前缀/词根); aquaporin 水孔蛋白

apic–: top, highest (前缀); apical meristem 顶端分生组织

arthr–: joint (前缀); arthropod 节肢动物

–ase: enzyme (后缀); protease 蛋白酶 一个物质后加 ase就是某某水解酶，合成酶是物质后加synthetase

auto–: self (前缀); autotrophic, 自养的

bi–: two (前缀); bipedal, 二足的

bio–: life (前缀/词根); biology life science 来福赛恩斯啊嗯 School of Life Sciences生科院啊嗯

blast: bud, precursor (词根); blastula 囊胚

bronch: windpipe (词根); bronchus支气管 bronchiole微支气管ole有微小之意arteriole小动脉

carcin, –o: cancer (词根); carcinogenesis致癌作用

cardi, –a–, –o–: heart (词根); cardiac 心的

carn–, –i–, –o–: flesh (前缀/词根); carnivore食肉动物

centi–: one hundredth (前缀); centimeter 厘米，百分之一米

cephal–, –i–, –o–: head (前缀/词根)头

chloro–: green (前缀/词根); chlorophyll叶绿素

chondr–: cartilage (前缀); Chondrichthyes软骨鱼

chrom–: color (前缀/词根); chromosome 染色体

–cide: killer (后缀); pesticide杀虫剂

–clast: break down (词根/后缀); osteoclast破骨细胞

co–: with/together (前缀); cohesion 内聚力

coel–: hollow (前缀/词根); coelom 体腔blastocoele囊胚腔

contra–: against (前缀); contraception避孕药

cortex: bark, outer layer (词根); cortex皮质 大脑/肾的皮质

crani–: skull (前缀/词根); cranium颅骨

cuti–: skin (词根); cuticle角质层

–cyte, cyto–: cell (词根/前缀); cytokinin细胞分裂素

de–: from/remove (前缀); decompose 分解

dendr: treelike (词根); dendrite树突

derm: skin (词根); endoderm内胚层

deutero–: second (前缀); deuterostome 后口，相对于胚孔形成的原口

di–: two (前缀); dicot 双子叶

diplo–: double (前缀/词根); diploid二倍体

dys–: difficult (前缀); dysfunction 功能紊乱

eco–: house (前缀); ecology生态学

ecto–: outside (前缀); ectoderm外胚层

–elle: small (后缀); organelle细胞器

end–, endo–, ento–: inside (前缀); endocrine内分泌

epi–: outer (前缀); epidermis 表皮 dermis是真皮

equi–: equal (前缀); equidistant 等距的

erythro–: red (前缀); erythrocyte红细胞

eu–: true (前缀); eukaryotic真核细胞

ex–, exo–: out (前缀); exocrine外分泌

extra–: outside (前缀); extracellular胞外的

–fer: carry (后缀); conifer松柏科 它们携带锥型的叶

gastr–: stomach (前缀/词根); gastric胃的

–gen–: produce (前缀/词根/后缀); antigen抗体

glyc–, glyco–: sweet (前缀); glycogen糖原

gyn, –o: female (前缀/词根); gynecology妇科学

haplo–: single (前缀); haploid单倍体

hem–, hemato–: blood (前缀/词根); hemoglobin血红蛋白，直译应该是血球蛋白

hemi–: half (前缀); hemisphere 半球 半个脑

herb–, herbi–: grass (前缀/词根); herbivore 食草动物

hetero–: other (前缀); heterotrophic异养

hom–, homo–, homeo–: same (前缀); homeostasis稳态

hydro–: water (前缀); hydrophilic亲水

hyper–: above (前缀); hyperosmotic高渗透势

hypo–: below (前缀); hypodermic皮下

inter–: between (前缀); interneuron反射弧中间神经元

intra–: within (前缀); intracellular胞内

iso–: equal (前缀); isotonic 等压的

–itis: inflammation (后缀); hepatitis, liver inflammation肝炎

kin–, kinet–: moving (前缀/词根); cytokinesis, 细胞分裂

lac–, lact–: milk (前缀/词根); lactose 乳糖

leuc–, leuco–, leuk–, leuko–: white (前缀); leukocyte 白细胞

lip–: fat (前缀/词根); lipid 脂类

–logy: study of (后缀); biology

lyso–, –lysis: split (前缀/词根/后缀); glycolysis 糖酵解

macro–: large (前缀); macrophage 巨噬细胞

medulla: middle (词根); medulla 髓质

mega–: large (前缀); megaspore 大孢子 裸子植物雌性配子

–mere: segment (后缀); sarcomere 肌节

meso–: middle (前缀); mesophyll 叶肉

meta–: change (前缀); metamorphosis 变态

micro–: small (前缀); microscope 显微镜

milli–: one-thousandth (前缀); millimeter 毫米

mito–: thread (前缀); mitosis 有丝分裂

mono–: single (前缀); monosaccharide 单糖

morph–: shape (前缀/词根); polymorphic 多态的

multi–: many (前缀); multicellular多细胞的

myo–: muscle (前缀); myofibril 肌原纤维

neo–: new (前缀); neonatal 新生的

neph–: kidney (前缀/词根); nephron 肾单位

neur–, neuro–: nerve (前缀/词根); neuron 神经元

neutr–: neutral (词根); neutron 中性不带电的粒子

non–: not (前缀); nondisjunction 染色体不分离，一开始看这个词双重否定很有意思（non dis），其实没啥，non表示一种异常的状态

-ole: small(后缀);arteriole小动脉

oligo–: few (前缀); oligomer 寡聚

omni–: all (前缀); omnivore 杂食动物

oo–, ov–, ovo–: egg (前缀); oocyte 卵母细胞

opsi–: sight (前缀/词根); opsin 视紫蛋白

–osis: condition (后缀); atherosclerosis 动脉硬化

oss–, osteo–: bone (前缀/词根); osteoporosis骨质疏松

para–: alongside (前缀); parathyroid 甲状旁腺

pater, patr–: father (词根); paternal 父本的

path–, –i–, –o–: disease (前缀/词根); pathogen 病原体

–pathy: disease (后缀); neuropathy 神经病

peri–: around (前缀); pericycle中柱鞘

phago–: eat (前缀/词根); phagocyte 吞噬细胞

–phil, philo–: love (前缀/后缀); hydrophilic 亲水的

–phob, phobo–: fear (前缀/后缀); hydrophobic 疏水的

photo–: light (前缀); photosynthesis 光合作用

–phyll: leaf (词根/后缀); chlorophyll 叶绿素

–phyte: plant (词根/后缀); gametophyte配子体（产生配子的植物个体）

plasmo, –plasm: substance (前缀/词根/后缀); cytoplasm胞质

ploid: chromosomes (词根); diploid二倍体

pneumo–: lung (词根); pneumonia 肺炎

–pod: foot (词根/后缀); gastropod 腹足类动物

poly–: many (前缀); polysaccharide 多糖

post–, postero–: behind (前缀); posterior 后

pre–, pro–: before (前缀); presynaptic突触前

prim–: first (前缀); primary cell wall初生细胞壁

pro–: before (前缀); prokaryotic原核细胞

proto–: first (前缀); protocell假想祖先细胞

pseudo–: false (前缀); pseudopod伪足

quad–, quat–: four (前缀); quaternary structure 四级结构

ren: kidney (词根); adrenal肾上腺的

retro–: backward (前缀); retrovirus 逆转录病毒

sarco–: muscle (前缀); sarcoplasmic reticulum, 肌浆内质网

scler–: hard (前缀); sclerenchyma厚壁细胞

semi–: half (前缀); semiconservative replication 半保留复制

–some, soma–, somato–: body (前缀/后缀); somatic 躯体的

sperm, sperma–, spermato–: seed (词根); gymnosperm 裸子植物

–stasis, stat–: stationary (后缀/前缀); homeostasis 内环境稳态

stoma, –to–: mouth (前缀/词根); stoma 植物气孔

sub–: under (前缀); subcutaneous 皮下

sym–: same (前缀); symmetry 对称性

tel–, telo–: end (前缀); telophase 有丝分裂末期

test–: witness (前缀/词根); testis 睾丸

therm–: heat (前缀/词根); thermoregulation 温度调节

trans–: across (前缀); transgenic 转基因

tri–: three (前缀); triploid 三倍体trisomy三染色体（21）

–trop–, tropic: change (后缀); phototropism 趋光性

troph: food (词根); autotrophic 自养

ultra–: beyond (前缀); ultraviolet 紫外

uni–: one (前缀); unicellular 单细胞

vita: life (词根); vitamin 维生素

–vor: eat (词根); herbivore植食性动物

zoo–, zoa–: animal (词根); zoology动物学

by XMU wzx