生物学英文名词词根词缀整理

参考厦大普生教材Biology：life on earth，复习考试顺便整理了 a–, an–: without, lack of (前缀); abiotic非生物的 acro–: top, highest (前缀); acrosome顶体, 精子顶端一种特化的溶酶体 ad–: to (前缀); adhesion黏附 allo–: other (前缀); Allosteric Regulation 变构调节 amphi–: both, double, two (前缀);amphioxus 文昌鱼 两侧对称之意 amphibian,两栖动物 幼体在水里成体在陆上 andro: man, male (词根); androgen 雄性激素 ant–, anti–: against (前缀); antibiotic 抗生素 antero–: front (前缀/词根); anterior 前端的 aqu–, aqua–: water (前缀/词根); aquaporin 水孔蛋白 apic–: top, highest (前缀); apical meristem 顶端分生组织 arthr–: joint (前缀); arthropod 节肢动物 –ase: enzyme (后缀); protease 蛋白酶 一个物质后加 ase就是某某水解酶，合成酶是物质后加synthetase auto–: self (前缀); autotrophic, 自养的 bi–: two (前缀); bipedal, 二足的 bio–: life (前缀/词根); biology life science 来福赛恩斯啊嗯 School of Life Sciences生科院啊嗯 blast: bud, precursor (词根); blastula 囊胚 bronch: windpipe (词根); bronchus支气管 bronchiole微支气管ole有微小之意arteriole小动脉 carcin, –o: cancer (词根); carcinogenesis致癌作用 cardi, –a–, –o–: heart (词根); cardiac 心的 carn–, –i–, –o–: flesh (前缀/词根); carnivore食肉动物 centi–: one hundredth (前缀); centimeter 厘米，百分之一米 cephal–, –i–, –o–: head (前缀/词根)头 chloro–: green (前缀/词根); chlorophyll叶绿素 chondr–: cartilage (前缀); Chondrichthyes软骨鱼 chrom–: color (前缀/词根); chromosome 染色体 –cide: killer (后缀); pesticide杀虫剂 –clast: break down (词根/后缀); osteoclast破骨细胞 co–: with/together (前缀); cohesion 内聚力 coel–: hollow (前缀/词根); coelom 体腔blastocoele囊胚腔 contra–: against (前缀); contraception避孕药 cortex: bark, outer layer (词根); cortex皮质 大脑/肾的皮质 crani–: skull (前缀/词根); cranium颅骨 cuti–: skin (词根); cuticle角质层 –cyte, cyto–: cell (词根/前缀); cytokinin细胞分裂素 de–: from/remove (前缀); decompose 分解 dendr: treelike (词根); dendrite树突 derm: skin (词根); endoderm内胚层 deutero–: second (前缀); deuterostome 后口，相对于胚孔形成的原口 di–: two (前缀); dicot 双子叶 diplo–: double (前缀/词根); diploid二倍体 dys–: difficult (前缀); dysfunction 功能紊乱 eco–: house (前缀); ecology生态学 ecto–: outside (前缀); ectoderm外胚层 –elle: small (后缀); organelle细胞器 end–, endo–, ento–: inside (前缀); endocrine内分泌 epi–: outer (前缀); epidermis 表皮 dermis是真皮 equi–: equal (前缀); equidistant 等距的 erythro–: red (前缀); erythrocyte红细胞 eu–: true (前缀); eukaryotic真核细胞 ex–, exo–: out (前缀); exocrine外分泌 extra–: outside (前缀); extracellular胞外的 –fer: carry (后缀); conifer松柏科 它们携带锥型的叶 gastr–: stomach (前缀/词根); gastric胃的 –gen–: produce (前缀/词根/后缀); antigen抗体 glyc–, glyco–: sweet (前缀); glycogen糖原 gyn, –o: female (前缀/词根); gynecology妇科学 haplo–: single (前缀); haploid单倍体 hem–, hemato–: blood (前缀/词根); hemoglobin血红蛋白，直译应该是血球蛋白 hemi–: half (前缀); hemisphere 半球 半个脑 herb–, herbi–: grass (前缀/词根); herbivore 食草动物 hetero–: other (前缀); heterotrophic异养 hom–, homo–, homeo–: same (前缀); homeostasis稳态 hydro–: water (前缀); hydrophilic亲水 hyper–: above (前缀); hyperosmotic高渗透势 hypo–: below (前缀); hypodermic皮下 inter–: between (前缀); interneuron反射弧中间神经元 intra–: within (前缀); intracellular胞内 iso–: equal (前缀); isotonic 等压的 –itis: inflammation (后缀); hepatitis, liver inflammation肝炎 kin–, kinet–: moving (前缀/词根); cytokinesis, 细胞分裂 lac–, lact–: milk (前缀/词根); lactose 乳糖 leuc–, leuco–, leuk–, leuko–: white (前缀); leukocyte 白细胞 lip–: fat (前缀/词根); lipid 脂类 –logy: study of (后缀); biology lyso–, –lysis: split (前缀/词根/后缀); glycolysis 糖酵解 macro–: large (前缀); macrophage 巨噬细胞 medulla: middle (词根); medulla 髓质 mega–: large (前缀); megaspore 大孢子 裸子植物雌性配子 –mere: segment (后缀); sarcomere 肌节 meso–: middle (前缀); mesophyll 叶肉 meta–: change (前缀); metamorphosis 变态 micro–: small (前缀); microscope 显微镜 milli–: one-thousandth (前缀); millimeter 毫米 mito–: thread (前缀); mitosis 有丝分裂 mono–: single (前缀); monosaccharide 单糖 morph–: shape (前缀/词根); polymorphic 多态的 multi–: many (前缀); multicellular多细胞的 myo–: muscle (前缀); myofibril 肌原纤维 neo–: new (前缀); neonatal 新生的 neph–: kidney (前缀/词根); nephron 肾单位 neur–, neuro–: nerve (前缀/词根); neuron 神经元 neutr–: neutral (词根); neutron 中性不带电的粒子 non–: not (前缀); nondisjunction 染色体不分离，一开始看这个词双重否定很有意思（non dis），其实没啥，non表示一种异常的状态 -ole: small(后缀);arteriole小动脉 oligo–: few (前缀); oligomer 寡聚 omni–: all (前缀); omnivore 杂食动物 oo–, ov–, ovo–: egg (前缀); oocyte 卵母细胞 opsi–: sight (前缀/词根); opsin 视紫蛋白 –osis: condition (后缀); atherosclerosis 动脉硬化 oss–, osteo–: bone (前缀/词根); osteoporosis骨质疏松 para–: alongside (前缀); parathyroid 甲状旁腺 pater, patr–: father (词根); paternal 父本的 path–, –i–, –o–: disease (前缀/词根); pathogen 病原体 –pathy: disease (后缀); neuropathy 神经病 peri–: around (前缀); pericycle中柱鞘 phago–: eat (前缀/词根); phagocyte 吞噬细胞 –phil, philo–: love (前缀/后缀); hydrophilic 亲水的 –phob, phobo–: fear (前缀/后缀); hydrophobic 疏水的 photo–: light (前缀); photosynthesis 光合作用 –phyll: leaf (词根/后缀); chlorophyll 叶绿素 –phyte: plant (词根/后缀); gametophyte配子体（产生配子的植物个体） plasmo, –plasm: substance (前缀/词根/后缀); cytoplasm胞质 ploid: chromosomes (词根); diploid二倍体 pneumo–: lung (词根); pneumonia 肺炎 –pod: foot (词根/后缀); gastropod 腹足类动物 poly–: many (前缀); polysaccharide 多糖 post–, postero–: behind (前缀); posterior 后 pre–, pro–: before (前缀); presynaptic突触前 prim–: first (前缀); primary cell wall初生细胞壁 pro–: before (前缀); prokaryotic原核细胞 proto–: first (前缀); protocell假想祖先细胞 pseudo–: false (前缀); pseudopod伪足 quad–, quat–: four (前缀); quaternary structure 四级结构 ren: kidney (词根); adrenal肾上腺的 retro–: backward (前缀); retrovirus 逆转录病毒 sarco–: muscle (前缀); sarcoplasmic reticulum, 肌浆内质网 scler–: hard (前缀); sclerenchyma厚壁细胞 semi–: half (前缀); semiconservative replication 半保留复制 –some, soma–, somato–: body (前缀/后缀); somatic 躯体的 sperm, sperma–, spermato–: seed (词根); gymnosperm 裸子植物 –stasis, stat–: stationary (后缀/前缀); homeostasis 内环境稳态 stoma, –to–: mouth (前缀/词根); stoma 植物气孔 sub–: under (前缀); subcutaneous 皮下 sym–: same (前缀); symmetry 对称性 tel–, telo–: end (前缀); telophase 有丝分裂末期 test–: witness (前缀/词根); testis 睾丸 therm–: heat (前缀/词根); thermoregulation 温度调节 trans–: across (前缀); transgenic 转基因 tri–: three (前缀); triploid 三倍体trisomy三染色体（21） –trop–, tropic: change (后缀); phototropism 趋光性 troph: food (词根); autotrophic 自养 ultra–: beyond (前缀); ultraviolet 紫外 uni–: one (前缀); unicellular 单细胞 vita: life (词根); vitamin 维生素 –vor: eat (词根); herbivore植食性动物 zoo–, zoa–: animal (词根); zoology动物学 知乎回答